美國通商政策의 中長期 方向(要約)

序 言

Ⅰ. 序 論
1. 硏究目的
2. 硏究 範圍와 構成

Ⅱ. 美國通商政策의 變化推移 및 背景
1. 通商政策方向의 變化
2. 通商政策變化의 背景

Ⅲ. 1990年代 美國 通商政策의 基本方向
1. 1990年代 通商與件
2. 1990年代 美國通商政策의 方向

Ⅳ. 1990年代 美國通商政策의 地域別 重點
1. 通商政策의 地域別 優先順位
2. 日本市場의 實質的 開放과 亞·太 經濟圈에서의 影響力 擴大
3. 北美 自由貿易地帶 形成
4. 對EC 通商關係 强化
5. 蘇聯 및 東歐와의 關係 改善

Ⅴ. 韓·美 通商關係에 대한 示唆點과 政策課題
1. 韓·美 通商關係의 變化와 1990年代 美國의 對韓 通商政策
2. 우리의 政策課題

Ⅵ. 要約 및 結論

參考文獻

본 연구는 전후 미국통상정책의 변화추이 및 그 배경을 분석해 보고, 세계질서 속에서 향후미국경제가 점하게 될 국제적 위상과 그에 따른 미국통상정책의 기본방향 및 주요지역에 대한 통상정책 중점을 중장기적인 시각에서 조망해 보았다. 또한 그러한 미국의 통상정책 변화가 한·미 통상관계에 주는 시사점과 우리의 정책과제를 제시하고자 하였다.우선 1990년대 중 미국통상정책에 가장 큰 영향을 미칠 요인으로는, 최근의 급속한 국제질서의 재편에 따른 미국경제의 국제적 지위변화와, 미국의 연방재정적자 및 경상수지적자 등 이른바 쌍둥이 적자의 움직임에 대한 전망이라 할 수 있다. 1980년대 후반 중 GNP의 3% 수준을 넘어섰던 미국의 경상수지적자는 최근 들어 2% 수준으로 축소되기는 하였으나 적어도 1990년대 전반기중 GNP의 약 1.5%수준을 지속할 것으로 예상되며, 그러한 적자가 지속되는 동안 미국의 순대외채무는 계속 증가할 것으로 보인다. 미국의 국제경제적 위상 역시, 통일된 독일을 중심으로 하는 유럽의 부상과 일본 및 아·태 지역의 활발한 경제성장 추세를 고려할 때 1990년대 중 나아지기는 어려울 것으로 보인다.

1. The Asia-Pacific Economy During the 1990s :
Dynamism, Interdependence and Horizons in Economic Cooperation

2. Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation in the Changing Global Environment :
Issues and Prospects

3. Basic Directions and Areas for Cooperation :
Structural Issues of the Asia-Pacific Economies

4. Panel Statements on Toward the Success of Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation :
Roles and Responsibilities

5. Regional Economic Cooperation Bodies in the Asia-Pacific :
Working Mechanism and Linkages

6. Panel Statements on Modality and Institutional Framework
for Asia-Pacific Cooperation

대외경제정책연구원(KIEP)은 1990년 6월 21~22일 이틀 동안 아시아태평양 경제협력에 관한 국제회의를 개최했다. 본 포럼은 아시아태평양 경제협력을 위해 기여 잠재 지역과 비젼을 공유하고, 이러한 협력을 위한 제도적인 대안과 방법을 검토하는데 있다. 23명의 저명한 연구원과 학계인사들 뿐만 아니라 아시아태평양 국가들의 정부 정책 결정자들이 본 포럼에 참가하여, 아시아태평양 경제협력을 위한 통찰력 있는 의견을 제공하는 자리가 되었다.

서언

I. 서론

II. ASEAN의 최근 경제동향
1. 거시경제동향
2. 주요정책변수 추이

III. ASEAN의 산업화와 구조변화
1. 산업구조의 변화
2. 무역구조의 변화
3. 외국인직접투자의 변화
4. 산업화와 산업정책

IV. ASEAN 주요국의 무역정책
1. 태국
2. 말레이시아
3. 싱가포르
4. 인도네시아
5. 비교 및 평가

V. ASEAN 주요국의 투자인센티브 및 외국인직접투자정책
1. 태국
2. 말레이시아
3. 싱가포르
4. 인도네시아
5. 비교 및 평가

VI. ASEAN 경제의 구조변화와 우리의 대응
1. 한일 ASEAN 분업체제의 변화
2. ASEAN의 투자환경 변화
3. 한일 ASEAN 기술협력 필요성의 증대

VII. 결론

본 연구는 ASEAN 주요국의 경제구조변화와 그 요인을 심층적으로 분석함으로써 변화하는 한일 ASEAN 분업체제에 대한 적절한 대응과 아-태 경제협력에 임하는 타국의 입장정립에 기여하고자 한다. 본 연구의 내용은 다음과 같다. 제II장에서는 1985년 이후 ASEAN의 거시경제 동향과 환율, 자금, 금리 등 주요정책변수의 추이에 대해 알아본다. 제III장에서는 ASEAN의 산업화와 이와 관련된 수출 및 직접투자구조의 변화에 대해 살펴본다. 제IV장과 제V장은 80년대 ASEAN 주요국의 무역정책 및 산업정책의 전개에 대하여 살펴본다. 제VI장에서는 우리나라와 ASEAN 간 무역, 직접투자, 기술협력 관계의 변화를 중심으로 ASEAN 경제의 구조적 변화에 따른 우리의 대응방안에 대하여 고찰하여 본다. 제VII장에서는 주요 연구결과를 요약하고 결론을 맺는다.

I. 서비스交易 自由化問題의 제기

II. 多者間 協商의 問題点

III. 主要爭点 및 各國의 立場

IV. UR / 서비스協商 動向

V. 의장협정초안의 추가설명 및 평가

VI. 展望

VII. 協商에 임하는 우리의 基本視角

VIII. 우리의 對應方案

〈별첨 자료〉
1. GNS 사무국이 작성한 각국의 서면제안 및 의견개진 요약
2. GNS 의장보고서(MTN.GNS / 28)
3. GNS 의장협정초안(MTN.GNS / 35)
4. GNS 사무국의 분야별 토의 요약 (MTN.GNS / 36 / Add.1)
5. GNS 사무국의 Explanatory Notes (Draft 19.7.90)
6. GNS 사무국의 Structure에 대한 해설자료 (Draft 27.7.90 / 2)
7. GNS 사무국의 개발개념에 대한 보충설명 자료

Contents

Introduction

I. Initiatives of Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation
1. The APEC Initiatives : the Initial Stage
2. Institutions for Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation

II. The APEC Mechanism : the APEC Ministerial-level Meeting(APEC-M)
1. Economic Background of the APEC Mechanism
2. Needs of an Inter-Governmental Mechanism for APEC
3. The Australian Initiatives
4. The First Ministerial-level Meeting on Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation(APEC)
5. The APEC Mechanism

III. Enhancement of the APEC Mechanism
1. New External Challenges
2. Institutional Reinforcements

IV. Summary and Conclusions

References

본 보고서는 아시아태평양경제협력(APEC)을 위한 현재 절차가 적절한가를 조사할 것이다. 특히 아시아태평양 국가들의 장기적 측면에서 나타난 경제구조적 특징을 알아 볼 뿐만 아니라, 이들 경제강국의 경제구조 및 경제 교류에 대한 최근 변화를 알아보고, 구체적인 참조자료를 통해 경제협력을 위한 공적 및 사적 협의 채널을 검토한다.

Contents

1. THE INTERNATIONALIZATION OF R&D

2. THE EMERGENCE OF STRATEGIC PARTNERSHIP IN R & D

3. NEW COMPETITIVE STRATEGIES

4. THE EUROPEAN ESPRIT PROGRAMME : AN ILLUSTRATION

5. NETWORKING THROUGH ESPRIT

6. CONCLUSION

SELECTED REFERENCES

R&D 전략적 제휴는 합작사업 및 라이센스 협정과 같은 전통적인 형태의 제휴에서 보다 구별되는 국제적인 형태로 다음 세가지 주요한 특징이 있다. 첫번째, R&D전략적 제휴는 합작 지식구축, 연구 및 개발 등 종래의 일방적 기술이전으로부터 이를 위한 설계, 엔지니어링, 마케팅 및 관리능력에 이르기까지 이를 공유하는데 초점이 맞춰진다. 두번째, 종종 사업 참여자에 의한 소유권 계약이 맺어지지 않는다. 세번째, 단기간 금융 이익과 같은 기회주의적 반응보다는 회사의 장기간 기획 활동으로 이루어진다. R&D 전략적 제휴가 어느 정도 협력적이고 국제화 되었는가를 간략하게 살펴봄으로써, 본 보고서는 이 과정에 대한 설명과 기술정보에 관한 연구개발을 위한 유럽전략프로그램(ESPRIT) 제휴활동의 실례를 제공한다. 마지막으로, 본 보고서는 신흥산업국들을 위한 국제경쟁의 새로운 형식에 대한 시사점을 도출한다.

序言

目次

美ㆍ日 構造協議 槪觀

日本側 合意事項 要約

美國側 合意事項 要約

I. 日本側 合意事項
1.1. Saving and Investment Patterns
1.2. Land Policy
1.3. Distribution System
1.4. Exclusionary Business Practices
1.5. Keiretsu Relationships
1.6. Pricing Mechanisms

II. 美國側 合意事項
2.1. Saving and Investment Patterns
2.2. Corporate Investment Activities and Supply Capacity : Improvement of U.S. Competitiveness
2.3. Corporate Behavior
2.4. Government Regulation
2.5. Research and Development
2.6. Export Promotion
2.7. Work force Education and Training

目次

I. 國境統制의 撤廢
序論 : 國境統制(Frontier Control) 撤廢의 필요성
1. CONTROL OF GOODS
Current problems and 1992 objectives
1.1. Single administrative document : extension
1.2. Community transit procedure : guarantees
1.3. Community transit
1.4. Abolition of exit customs formalities : TIR
1.5. Abolition of exit customs formalities : common border posts
1.6. Duty-free admission of commercial vehicle fuel
1.7. Postal fees for customs presentations
1.8. Collection of statistics relating to the trading of goods between Member States
1.9. Abolition of frontier controls relating to means of transport
1.10. Abolition of the transit advice note
1.11. Protection against the dangers of ionizing radiation : transfer of radioactive waste
2. CONTROL OF INDIVIDUALS
Current problems and 1992 objectives
2.1. Arms legislation
2.2. Tax-free allowances : international travel
2.3. Tax relief : small consignments of non-commercial goods
2.4. Value-added tax exemption : small consignments and other final imports of goods
2.5. Tax exemption : permanent import of personal property
2.6. Tax exemption : temporary import of means of transport
2.7. Easing of controls at intra-Community borders
3. VALUE-ADDED TAX
Current problems and 1992 objectives
3.1. Uniform basis of assessment : abolition of derogations
3.2. Uniform basis of assessment : clarification and definition
3.3. Approximation of rates
3.4. Convergence of rates
3.5. Removal of tax frontiers
3.6. Expenditure on which tax is not deductible
3.7. Common value-added tax scheme applicable to small and medium-sized businesses
3.8. Common value-added tax scheme applicable to second-hand goods
3.9. Refunds to persons not established in the EEC
3.10. Temporary importation of goods
3.11. Stores of vessels, aircraft and international trains
4. EXCISE DUTIES
Current problems and 1992 objectives
4.1. Structures series : alcohol
4.2. Structures series : wine
4.3. Structures series : beer
4.4. Structures series : rum from French overseas departments
4.5. Structures series : fortified wines and similar products
4.6. Structures series : indirect taxes on alcholic drinks
4.7. Structures series : mineral oils
4.8. Approximation of rates : alcohol and alcoholic beverages
4.9. Harmonization : cigarettes and manufactured tobacco
4.10. Harmonization : mineral oils
4.11. Committee on excise duties

II. 動植物 衛生管理
序論 : 動植物 衛生管理를 위한 共同市場의 필요성
1. VETERINARY CONTROLS
Current problems and 1992 objectives
ANIMAL HEALTH
1.1. Animal health : classical swine fever
1.2. Animal health : classical and African swine fever
1.3. Animal health : African swine fever in Spain
1.4. Animal health : African swine fever in Portugal
1.5. Animal health : eradication of African swine fever in Sardinia
1.6. Animal health : contagious bovine pleuropneumonia in Portugal
1.7. Animal health : heat treatment of pork products
1.8. Animal health : foot-and-mouth disease
1.9. Animal health : foot-and-mouth disease
1.10. Animal health : Aujesky's disease
1.11. Animal health : brucellosis, tuberculosis and leukosis
1.12. Animal health : eradication of brucellosis
1.13. Animal health : trade in animal semen
1.14. Animal health : trade in bovine embryos
1.15. Animal health : intra-Community trade in sheep and goats
1.16. Animal health : imports of sheep and goats from third countries
1.17. Animal health : intra-Community trade in poultry and hatching eggs
1.18. Animal health : animal welfare during transport
1.19. Animal health : animal health conditions governing trade in equidae
1.20. Animal health : marketing of rodents
1.21. Animal health : eradication of infectious haemapoietic necrosis of salmonids
PUBLIC HEALTH
1.22. Public health : fresh meat and poultrymeat (microbiology)
1.23. Public health : control of residues
1.24. Public health : growth-promoting hormones
1.25. Public health : production and trade in milk
1.26. Public health : production and marketing of egg products
1.27. Public health : medical examination of personnel
1.28. Public health : meat inspection personnel (poultrymeat and meat products)
1.29. Public health : health rules for fresh meat and fees charged for the inspection thereof
1.30. Public health : intra-Community trade in meat products
1.31. Public health : intra-Community trade in fresh meat
1.32. Public health : imports of meat products from third countries
1.33. Public health : minced meat, meat in small pieces and meat preparations
1.34. Public health : health conditions governing trade in fresh poultrymeat and fresh meat of reared game-birds
1.35. Public health : health problems affecting intra-Community trade in fresh meat, with particular reference to fresh pigmeat
1.36. Public health : imports and intra-Communitv trade of glands and organs, including blood
1.37. Public health : fish and fish products containing nematodes
1.38. Public health : animal fat for human consumption
1.39. Public health : products of animal origin
PUBLIC AND ANIMAL HEALTH
1.40. Public and animal health : veterinary checks in intra-Community trade for most animal products
1.41. Public and animal health : correct application of laws on agricultural matters
1.42. Public and animal health : inspection of imported cattle, pigs and fresh meat
1.43. Public and animal health : eradication of rabies
1.44. Public and animal health : game and rabbit meat
1.45. Public and animal health : safeguard measures
1.46. Public and animal health : expenditure -in the veterinary field
ZOOTECHNICS
1.47. Zootechnics : pedigree of cattle
1.48. Zootechnics : pedigree of pigs
1.49. Zootechnics : pedigree of sheep and goats
1.50. Zootechnics : pedigree of pure-bred animals
1.51. Zootechnics : zootechnical and genealogical conditions governing intra-Community trade in equidae
1.52. Zootechnics : intra-Community trade in equidae intended for participation in competitions
ANIMAL FEEDINGSTUFFS
1.53. Animal feedingstuffs : production and trade in medicated feedingstuffs
1.54. Animal feedingstuffs : marketing of compound feedingstuffs
1.55. Animal feedingstuffs : to protect animal feedingstuffs against pathogens
2. PLANT HEALTH CONTROLS
Current problems and 1992 objectives
2.1. Plant protection products : ethylene oxide
2.2. Plant protection products : ethoxyquin and diphenylamine
2.3. EC-accepted plant protection products
2.4. Certification of seeds
2.5. Marketing of seed potatoes
2.6. Protective measures against introduction of organisms harmful to plants
2.7. Protection against organisms harmful to plants
2.8. Organisms harmful to plant products
2.9. Organisms harmful to plants : rules of liability
2.10. Additives in animal foodstuffs
2.11. Pesticide residues : pesticide residues in cereals and food of animal origin
2.12. Pesticide residues : pesticide residues in animal feedingstuffs
2.13. Pesticide residues : pesticide residues in fruit and vegetables
2.14. Organic production of agricultural products and foodstuffs
2.15. Vegetables
2.16. Fruit plants
2.17. Omamental plants

III. 産業協力을 위한 條件
序論 : 産業協力을 위한 條件
1. COMPANY LAW
Current problems and 1992 objectives
1.1. European Economic Interest Grouping
1.2. Statute for a European Company
1.3. Structure of public limited companies
1.4. Cross-bord mergers
1.5. Disclosure requirements in respect of branches
1.6. Annuals and consolidated accounts : amendments
1.7. Takeover bids
2. INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY
Current problems and 1992 objectives
2.1. Trade mark : Community trade marks
2.2. Implementing Regulation
2.3. National trade mark legislation approximation
2.4. Community Trade Marks Office : fees
2.5. Rules of procedure of the Boards of Appeal of the Community Trade Marks Office
2.6. Legal protection : topographies of semiconductor products
2.7. Legal protection : biotechnological inventions
2.8. Legal protection : computer programs
3. TAXATION
Current problems and 1992 objectives
3.1. Common taxation of parent companies and their subsidiaries
3.2. Elimination of double taxation (arbitration)
3.3. Common taxation : mergers, divisions and contributions of assets
3.4. Tax treatment of carry-over of losses
3.5. Securities transactions : abolition of taxes

IV. 單一公共調達
1. PUBLIC PROCURMENT
Current problems and 1992 objectives
1.1. Public supply contracts
1.2. Public works contracts
1.3. Remedies
1.4. Public services : water, energy, transport and telecommunications services

V. 新共同體 標準化 政策
序論 : 標準 및 技術的 規制의 調和
1.NEW APPROACH IN HARMONIZATION
Current problems and 1992 objectives
1.1. Extension of information procedures on standards and technical rules
1.2. Simple pressure vessels
1.3. Toys
1.4. Machine safety
1.5. Electromagnetic interference
1.6. Non-automatic weighing instruments
1.7. Mobile machinery and lifting appliances
1.8. Electromedical equipment
1.9. Gas appliances
1.10. Personal protective equipment
1.11. Procedures for assessing conformity of products
2. MOTOR VEHICLES
Current problems and 1992 objectives
2.1. Type approval : motor vehicles and trailers
2.2. Weights and dimensions
2.3. Tyres
2.4. Safety glass
2.5. Motorcycle exhaust-system noise
2.6. Lateral protection for goods vehicles
2.7. Air pollution : gaseous emissions from engines of motor vehicles
2.8. Air pollution : gaseous pollutants from diesel engines
2.9. Air pollution : diesel particulates
2.10. Air pollution : Gas emission standards for cars below 1 400 cc
2.11. Tyres : Tyre-pressure gauges for motor vehicles
3. TRACTORS AND AGRICULTURLA MACHINERY
Current problems and 1992 objectives
3.1. Type approval
3.2. Type approval
3.3. Front-mounted protection structures
4. FOODSTUFFS
Current problems and 1992 objectives
4.1. Additives : Authorized food additives
4.2. Additives : Flavourings
4.3. Additives : Extraction solvents
4.4. Additives : Preservatives (potassium bisuiphite and thiabendazole)
4.5. Additives : Emulsifiers, stabilizers, thickeners and gelling agents
4.6. Additives : Modified starches
4.7. Materials in contact with foodstuffs
4.8. Materials in contact with foodstuffs : testing
4.9. Labelling : presentation and advertising
4.10. Labelling : alcoholic drinks
4.11. Labelling : spirits, vermouths and other aromatized wines
4.12. Labelling : compulsory nutrition labelling
4.13. Labelling : nutrition labelling rules
4.14. Foodstuffs for particular nutritional uses
4.15. Foodstuffs for particular nutritional uses : infant and follow-up milks
4.16. Official inspection of foodstuffs
4.17. Sampling and analysis of foodstuffs
4.18. Quick-frozen food
4.19. Coffee and chicory extracts
4.20. Fruit juices and similar products
4.21. Fruit jams, jellies and marmalades and chestnut puree
4.22. Irradiation of foodstuffs
5. PHARMACEUTICALS
Current problems and 1992 objectives
5.1. High-technology medicinal products : marketing authorization
5.2. Proprietary medicinal products : testing
5.3. Proprietary medicinal products : testing
5.4. Proprietary medicinal products : marketing
5.5. Veterinary medicines : residues
5.6. Veterinary medicines : free circulation
5.7. Veterinary medicines : provisions for immunological products
5.8. Veterinary medicinal products : testing
5.9. Pharmaceutical products : price control and reimbursements
5.10. Pharmaceuticals : pricing
5.11. Pharmaceuticals : amendments to existing directives
5.12. Pharmaceuticals : immunological products
5.13. Medicinal products derived from human blood or plasma
5.14. Radiopharmaceuticals
6. CHEMICALS
Current problems and 1992 objectives
6.1. Restrictions on markting and use of dangerous substances : polychlorinated biphenyls and terphenyls
6.2. Restrictions on marketing and use of dangerous substances : asbestos
6.3. Classification, packaging and labelling of dangerous preparations
6.4. Detergents
6.5. Marketing of fertilizers : liquid fertilizers
6.6. Marketing of fertilizers : solid and fluid fertilizers
6.7. Marketing of fertilizers : oligo elements
7. BUILDING PRODUCT
Current problems and 1992 objectives
7.1. Tower cranes : sound levels
7.2. Fire safety in hotels
7.3. Construction products
8. OTHER ITEMS
Current problems and 1992 objectives
8.1. Noise : Household appliances
8.2. Noise : Lawnmowers
8.3. Noise : emissions from construction plant
8.4. Non-clinical laboratory tests
8.5. Dangerous products resembling foodstuffs
8.6. Cosmetic products
8.7. Prices of foodstuffs
8.8. Prices for non-food products

VI. 서비스 共同市場
序論 : 서비스共同市場의 必要性
1. BANKING
Current problems and 1992 objectives
1.1. Credit institutions excluded from coordinating legislation
1.2. Coordination of banking activities : Second Directive
1.3. Annual accounts of banks
1.4. Publication obligations of branches of foreign banks
1.5. Reorganization and winding-up of credit institutions
1.6. Own funds
1.7. Deposit guarantee schemes
1.8. Large exposures
1.9. Mortgage credit
1.10. Solvency ratios
2. INSURANCE
Current problems and 1992 objectives
2.1. Insurance companies : The annual accounts of insurance companies
2.2. The winding-up of insurance companies
2.3. Insurance contracts
2.4. 'Non-life' insurance : freedom to provide services
2.5. Life assurance : freedom to provide services
2.6. Legal expenses insurance
2.7. Credit and suretyship insurance
2.8. Motorwehicle liability insurance : freedom to supply services
2.9. Motor vehicle liability insurance : Third Directive
3. TRANSACTIONS IN SECURITIES
Current problems and 1992 objectives
3.1. Stock exchange listing particulars
3.2. Prospectus for public offerings of securities
3.3. Information on major holdings
3.4. The regulation of insider trading
3.5. Collective investment undertakings (Ucits)
3.6. Special measures for certain investments by Ucits
3.7. Investment services
4. TRANSPORT SERVICES
Current problems and 1992 objectives
4.1. Carriage of goods by road : carriage between Member States
4.2. Carriage of goods by road : non-resident carriers in the national market(inland cabotage)
4.3. Carriage of passengers by road : international carriage
4.4. Carriage of passengers by road : non-resident carriers in the national market
4.5. Inland waterway transport of goods and passengers : non-resident carriers
4.6. Maritime transport : freedom to supply services and competition
4.7. Air transport : sharing of passenger capacity and market access
4.8. Air transport : sharing of passenger capacity and market access
4.9. Air transport : fares
4.10. Air transport : fares
4.11. Air transport : application of the Competition Law
4.12. Air transport : procedure for application of the Competition Law
4.13. Inter-regional air services : review
4.14. Civil aviation licences
5. NEW TECHNOLOGIES AND SERVICES
Current problems and 1992 objectives
5.1. Broadcasting services : televisual
5.2. Information services market
5.3. Standardization of television
5.4. Electronic payments
5.5. Standardization of information technology and telecommunications
5.6. Type-approval for telecommunication terminal equipment
5.7. Telecommunications terminal equipment : mutual recognition of type approval
5.8. Provision of an open telecommunications network
5.9. Pan-European mobile telephones
6. CAPITAL MOVEMENTS
Current problems and 1992 objectives
6.1. Complete liberalization of capital movements
6.2. Liberalization of certain capital transactions
6.3. Liberalization of Ucits
7. FREE MOVEMENT OF LABOUR AND THE PROFESSIONS
Current problems and 1992 objectives
7.1. Freedom of movement of workers and their families
7.2. Free movement of workers : income tax
7.3. Right of residence : students
7.4. Right of residence : pensioners
7.5. Right of residence
7.6. Recognition of higher education diplomas
7.7. Recognition of professional training
7.8. Comparability of qualifications
7.9. Training in technology
7.10. Qualifications in pharmacy
7.11. Mutual recognition of diplomas in pharmacy
7.12. Specific training in general medical practice
7.13. Commercial agents

I. 序

II. 經濟改革의 展開過程
1. 經濟改革의 推進經緯
2. 分權化 및 市場經濟化政策의 展開

III. 經濟改革의 巨視經濟的 成果 및 問題點과 分權化 및 市場經濟方式 導入의 限界
1. 改革의 巨視經濟的 成果
2. 改革에 隨伴된 問題點
3. 分權化 및 市場經濟方式 導入의 限界

IV. 今後 中國의 經濟發展을 위한 基本問題
1. 日本, 西歐의 市場經濟體制와의 比較에서 본 敎訓
2. 經濟分野의 自主權 擴大와 經濟組織(Organization)의 革新
3. 消費者重視體制로의 轉換의 必要性
4. 市場經濟化 促進을 위한 對外開放政策의 擴大

V. 要約 및 結論

I. 1980年代 國際經濟의 特徵
1. 國際經濟 不均衡의 擴大와 그 背景
2. 國際經濟秩序의 動搖
3. 先進國經濟의 成長好調
4. 社會主義改革의 黎明

II. 1990年代의 國際情勢 變化
1. 社會主義圈의 變化와 東西共存體制의 形成
2. 國際政治 勢力均衡의 再編
3. 實利爲主의 國際秩序 再編

III. 1990年代의 國際經濟 環境
1. 經濟的 多極體制의 展開
2. 世界經濟의 地域主義 深化
3. 世界交易秩序의 變化
4. 社會主義圈의 世界經濟에의 統合

IV. 1990年代의 世界經濟 展望
1. 短期展望
2. 中長期展望

V. 對外經濟政策의 課題와 方向
1. 韓國經濟의 位相과 課題
2. 經濟交流의 多邊化
3. 對外經濟摩擦의 緩和
4. 積極的인 産業構造調整의 推進
5. 南北交流의 擴大

參考文獻